基于多维度感知风险的中国公众无偿献血意愿及影响因素分析

基于多维度感知风险,调查中国公众的献血意愿现状,探讨其影响因素,为无偿献血者招募与保留工作提供科学依据。本文从公众对献血行为、心理、情境、制度、偏见、服务、宣传七个维度的感知风险入手,在问卷调查与因素分析的基础上,基于实证分析,解释各种因素之间的相互关系,揭示不同特征中国公众献血意愿的差异,进而有针对性地制定无偿献血招募及保留措施,促进我国无偿献血事业可持续发展。     

单位团体献血运作的过程与机制:以北京市T大学为个案

本文在中国社会结构转型和血液制度变迁的背景下,以T大学的一次“女生节”献血活动为关键案例,应用集体行动的有关理论,分析单位团体献血的运作过程和运作机制。本文认为自愿无偿献血的运作过程是一个意义框架建构和延伸的过程。无偿并非没有任何激励,只是淡化物质激励,更多地强调象征激励,即对符号、话语、意义、价值等的突出,这不仅表达了对献血者的尊重,也促进了献血框架的再生产。单位团体献血的有效运作有赖于单位内部的结构易得性,由于高校具有更强的结构易得性,自然成为团体献血的主体。     

HPLC测定氨酚伪麻美芬片Ⅱ/氨麻苯美片中对乙酰氨基酚血药浓度

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定氨酚伪麻美芬片Ⅱ/氨麻苯美片中对乙酰氨基酚的血药浓度。方法血浆样品用6%高氯酸沉淀蛋白。色谱柱为Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18柱（150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）,流动相为0.02 mol·L-1甲酸铵溶液（含甲酸0.2%）-甲醇-乙腈（91∶4.5∶4.5）,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,紫外检测波长245 nm。结果血浆中内源性物质对样品测定无干扰。本方法线性范围为0.1～20 μg·mL-1 (r=0.999 6),最低定量浓度为0.1 μg·mL-1,方法回收率为99.8%～101.5%,日内、日间RSD均小于12%。结论本法简便、准确,适用于对乙酰氨基酚药代动力学的研究。     

351例高龄老人高尿酸血症相关因素分析

目的探讨高龄老人血尿酸的变化及与血压、血脂的关系。方法选择351例2004年6月至2008年6月在我院住院的70岁以上高龄老年人为研究对象,以血尿酸≥416mmol／L为界限,大于该值为高尿酸血症,血胆固醇≥5．72mmol／L为高胆固醇血症,血甘油三酯≥1．71mmol/L为高甘油三酯血症。结果高尿酸血症者120例,占34．1％,（70—79）岁、（80—89）岁、〉190岁高尿酸血症者分别为28．7％、43．1％、66．7％（P〈0．05）,且随年龄增长血尿酸也呈增加趋势（P〈0．01）,高尿酸血症组的收缩压、甘油三酯明显高于尿酸正常组（均为P〈0．05）。结论老年人高尿酸血症发生率高,且随年龄增加高尿酸血症的患病率和血尿酸的值均增加,高龄老人高尿酸血症与血压、血脂明显相关。     

Australian maternity healthcare professionals’ knowledge,attitudes and practices relevant to cord blood banking,donation and clamp timing: A cross-sectional survey

ProblemAustralian health professionals’ knowledge and attitudes towards third stage labour options of cord clamp timing, cord blood banking and donation and their practice of informing parents of these options is unknown.BackgroundParents have several options for the management of their infant’ cord blood during the third stage of labour. Early or deferred cord clamping practices may affect parent choices about physiological transfusion to the neonate and/or cord blood collection for private or public banking or donation.AimTo identify health professionals’ knowledge and attitudes towards third stage labour options of cord clamp timing, cord blood banking and donation and their practice of informing parents of these options.MethodsA total of 129 Australian maternity healthcare professionals responded to the self-administered survey between December 2017 and June 2018.FindingsOccupational differences were revealed in regard to cord clamp timing, cord blood banking and donation knowledge, attitudes and practices. Midwives were more likely to discuss cord clamp timing with parents and to clamp the cord later than obstetricians. Obstetricians were more knowledgeable of cord blood banking and donation options than midwives. Cord blood banking and donation options were discussed by both groups if parents asked.DiscussionIdentification of gaps in knowledge should guide future maternity health professional education that is inclusive of all third stage labour options to ensure that open discussion and informing parents of options is consistent, contemporary and evidence-based.ConclusionTo make informed decisions, parents need evidence-based information on all third stage labour options.     

Lesbian Blood Drives as Community-Building Activism in the 1980s

As gay men began voluntarily withdrawing from blood donation in the early 1980s, lesbians in community with gay men in several U.S. cities organized drives to replenish the blood supply. These drives were sometimes the continuation of previously established drives by gay–lesbian organizations or faith communities, sometimes new initiatives in response to HIV/AIDS. However, after the initial publicity, mention of lesbian blood drives in print is both scarce and brief. Focusing on drives organized from 1983 to 1992 by a group known as San Diego Blood Sisters, this article is an initial step in documenting lesbian blood drives to inform and enrich conversations about histories of responses to HIV/AIDS, theoretical discussions of how community connections in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer spectrum are enacted and understood, and emerging research on intersections of gender and sexuality as they are expressed through blood donorship.     

What Lies Beneath: Trauma Events,PTSD, and Alcohol Misuse in Driving Under the Influence Program Clients

The prevention and reduction of alcohol misuse is one of the Grand Challenges of Social Work. Addressing client needs beyond alcohol misuse can improve client outcomes. Driving under the influence program clients (N = 1,248) were screened for trauma events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Results found that males more often reported having been assaulted with a weapon or that they caused injury to someone else. Females more often reported sexual assault and other unwanted sexual experience. About 26% overall screened positive for PTSD. Social workers need to be alert to various types of trauma and help clients identify the connection between trauma and alcohol misuse.     

罗曼诺夫王朝沙皇的量化比较

罗曼诺夫王朝共有十八位沙皇。通过他们的亲缘、血统和对外侵略三方面的量化比较 ,以彼得大帝和叶卡特琳娜二世女皇为核心 ,透视王朝前期和后期沙皇之间横向与纵向的关系。同时指出 ,沙皇不论血统如何 ,其对外侵略传统是一脉相承的。     

新技术背景下骨髓捐献补偿机制的法学思考——以美国弗林案为视角

在弗林案中．美国法院认为通过外周血干细胞单采技术从血中获取的造血干细胞是血液的子部分而非骨髓的子部分,因而《国家器官移植法》的补偿禁令不适用于此项新技术。尽管此判决具有些许瑕疵,但其确立了骨髓捐献的补偿机制,对增加骨髓造血干细胞移植具有积极的政策意义。对于采用外周血干细胞单采技术进行的骨髓捐献,我国应允许补偿机制,现阶段应优先考虑社会规律而非自然规律,因而对此问题宜准用《献血法》而非《人体器官移植条例》。